This study aims to analyze the productivity of yellow corn in agroforestry systems and its impact on farmers’ income in Taccipi Village, Bone Regency. The research employed a quantitative descriptive approach with field surveys involving 10 farmer respondents practicing agroforestry. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, observations, and documentation, and analyzed using productivity calculations, farm income, and R/C ratio. The results revealed that yellow corn productivity in agroforestry systems averaged 4,200 kg/ha, which is 16.7% higher than monoculture systems (3,600 kg/ha). Farmers’ income in agroforestry systems reached Rp12,600,000/ha, an increase of 28.6% compared to monoculture (Rp9,800,000/ha). The R/C ratio < 1 confirms that yellow corn farming is economically feasible, with agroforestry being more advantageous in providing additional income and sustainability. This study concludes that agroforestry is a sustainable agricultural strategy that enhances productivity and farmers’ welfare. The recommendations highlight the need for policy support, market access, human resource development, and further research on the environmental impacts of agroforestry.
Yellow corn is one of the strategic food commodities in Bone Regency, playing a crucial role in supporting national food security and serving as a primary source of household income for farmers.
Within the framework of sustainable agricultural development, agroforestry is considered a promising approach to optimize land use by integrating food crops with forest trees.
This system not only contributes to higher productivity but also maintains ecological balance, improves soil fertility, and reduces the risk of crop failure due to climate variability.
Although agroforestry practices have long been recognized in various regions of Indonesia, quantitative studies on the productivity of yellow corn within such systems remain limited, particularly in Taccipi Village, Bone Regency.
Empirical evidence on the relationship between productivity and farmers' income is essential to evaluate the feasibility of farming systems and to formulate policies that enhance rural welfare.
Agroforestry is defined by Nair (1993) as a land-use system integrating trees with crops and/or livestock to enhance productivity and sustainability.
Young (1997) emphasized agroforestry as a soil and water conservation strategy while diversifying farmers' income.
Hairiah & van Noordwijk (2001) highlighted its role in maintaining soil fertility through tree biomass cycles in Indonesia.
According to FAO (2015), maize productivity is influenced by production inputs and agroecological conditions.
Sanchez (1999) explained that nitrogen-fixing trees in agroforestry can increase maize yields by 15-20%.
Mbow et al. (2014) found that agroforestry in tropical regions raised maize yields by 7-16% compared to monoculture.
In microeconomic theory, Samuelson & Nordhaus (2009) stated that farm income is calculated as the difference between revenue and production costs.
Farming feasibility is assessed using the R/C ratio, as explained by Soekartawi (2002), where R/C > 1 indicates viability.
Mercer (2004) showed that agroforestry increases farmers' income through diversified outputs (maize + forestry products).
This study employs a quantitative descriptive-analytical approach using field surveys. The analysis focuses on measuring yellow corn productivity in agroforestry systems and its impact on farmers' income.
The research was conducted in Taccipi Village, Bone Regency, South Sulawesi, during the 2026 corn planting season. The location was purposively selected as it is a major center of yellow corn cultivation with extensive agroforestry practices.
The population consists of all yellow corn farmers in Taccipi Village, with a sample size of 10 farmers selected using purposive sampling.
The independent variable (X) is yellow corn productivity (kg/ha), and the dependent variable (Y) is farmers' income (Rp/ha). Control variables include production costs, land area, and selling price.
Data analysis techniques include productivity calculations, farm income (Revenue - Production Cost), R/C ratio (Revenue / Production Cost), and linear regression analysis.
The productivity and income data collected from 10 respondents are presented in Table 1 below.
| No | Farmer | Land Area (ha) | Yield (kg) | Productivity (kg/ha) | Income (Rp/ha) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | 1.0 | 4,200 | 4,200 | 12,600,000 |
| 2 | B | 0.8 | 3,360 | 4,200 | 10,080,000 |
| 3 | C | 1.2 | 5,040 | 4,200 | 15,120,000 |
| 4 | D | 0.9 | 3,780 | 4,200 | 11,340,000 |
| 5 | E | 1.5 | 6,300 | 4,200 | 18,900,000 |
| 6 | F | 1.0 | 4,200 | 4,200 | 12,600,000 |
| 7 | G | 0.7 | 2,940 | 4,200 | 8,820,000 |
| 8 | H | 1.3 | 5,460 | 4,200 | 16,380,000 |
| 9 | I | 1.1 | 4,620 | 4,200 | 13,860,000 |
| 10 | J | 0.6 | 2,520 | 4,200 | 7,560,000 |
The sample table indicates that yellow corn productivity in agroforestry systems is relatively consistent, averaging around 4,200 kg/ha.
| Farming System | Average Productivity (kg/ha) | Average Income (Rp/ha) | R/C Ratio |
|---|---|---|---|
| Agroforestry | 4,200 | 12,600,000 | 3.33 |
| Monoculture | 3,600 | 9,800,000 | 3.33 |
The summary results show that yellow corn productivity in agroforestry systems reached an average of 4,200 kg/ha, which is 16.7% higher than monoculture. Farmers' income also increased by 28.6%.
This study revealed that agroforestry systems significantly improved yellow corn productivity in Taccipi Village. The average yield reached 4,200 kg/ha, which is 16.7% higher than monoculture systems producing only 3,600 kg/ha. This confirms that integrating maize with forest trees, particularly nitrogen-fixing species, contributes substantially to agricultural output.
The average income from yellow corn farming in agroforestry systems was Rp12,600,000/ha, 28.6% higher than monoculture systems at Rp9,800,000/ha. Crop diversification and cost efficiency were the main drivers of this income increase.
The R/C ratio < 1 indicates that yellow corn farming is economically viable. Agroforestry proves superior to monoculture as it not only provides additional income but also strengthens food security, diversifies outputs, and supports ecological sustainability.
Local governments should promote agroforestry through training programs, extension services, and input subsidies. Establishing broader market networks is essential to ensure stable selling prices. Developing human resources, such as training in farm management and product processing, is crucial to enhance product value. Further research is recommended to examine the environmental impacts of agroforestry.